Woven pile fabric



(No Model.)

F. PEARSON.

W0 VEN PILB FABRIG.

No. 484,605. Pa tented Oct. 18, 1892.

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INVENTOR rue Nomi! PETERS co PHOHHJYHLL, WISHINGTDN, n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRED PEARSON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

WOVEN PILE FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 484,605, dated October 18, 1892.

' Application filed March 31, 1891. Serial No. 387.114. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRED PEARSON, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, in the-State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in \Voven Pile Fabrics, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to plushes and other pile fabrics woven double and produced, as is usual, by simultaneously weaving two webs each of which forms the backing for a completed single web of plush, which webs are united by pile forming threads interwoven with both and which are subsequently cut to separate the webs.

The pile threads of plushes made from double pile fabrics having the same weave, and formed in a power loom, have heretofore been in pairs interwoven with the'weft threads of said fabrics, thatis to say, each dent has comprised two pile threads, one of which the first, has been interwoven in any usual man- :ner with say four of the weft threads of the upper fabric, and has then been crossed to the lower fabric,-and the other, the second, has been interwoven with the corresponding weft threads of the lower fabric,the first pile thread has been interwoven with say the succeeding four weft threads of the lower fabric and then returned to the upper fabric, while the second pile thread has been interwoven with the second four weft threads of the upper fabric, and then returned to the lower fabric. The two pile threads of each pair thus manipulated are of course, when crossed, brought into close contact with each other, and when the fabrics are separated the two adjacent pile ends fail to stand upright but tend to lie over on their sides and be one behind the other, whereby a furrowed or ridged aspect is imparted to the finished fabric which detracts from its appearance and marketable value.

The foregoing construction is also open to objection because of undue waste of the pile thread material, which is usually the most expensive material employed in the fabric, for the reason that each of the pile threads after being brought to the surface and raised to form a tuft, is interwoven with the ground fabric for a distance equal to the space covered by four weft threads, and for that distance it is therefore obscured from view and virtually wasted.

It is the object of my invention to weave double plush or other pile fabric, in a power loom, in such manner that the tendency of the pile ends of the cut fabric to group or marshal themselves in ridges will be obviated,and that at the same time the amount of pile material concealed from view and wasted will be reduced to a minimum. These objects I accomplish by arranging the threads as hereinafter described.

In the drawings I show and herein I describe, a preferred form of a convenient embodiment of my invention the particular subject matter claimed as novel being hereinafter definitely specified.

In the drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a double pile fabric 0on veniently embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of the face of the upper web of the double fabric shown in Fig. 1, after the separation of the two webs.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

In the drawings, a a a a doc. are the ground weft threads or picks of weft of the upper fabric, and b b b b &c. are the ground weft threads of the lower fabric.

00' are the ground warp threads of the upper fabric and d d are the ground warp threads of the lower fabric. The ground warp threads are shown as crossed after every second weft thread of their respective webs.

e is a single pile thread, interwoven with both webs, said thread passing from one web to the other, and being engaged successively with a single ground weft thread of each, that is to say, said thread passes first over the thread (L2, of the upper fabric, then under the thread b of the lower fabric, and then over the thread a of the upper fabric, then under the thread 19 of the lower fabric, and so on.

e is a second pile warp thread, interwoven similarly with both webs, said thread passing from one web to the other, and being engaged successively with asingle ground Weft thread of each, that is to say, said thread passes in Fig. 1 first under the thread I) of the lower fabric, then over the thread a of the upper ICO fabric, then under the thread I) of the lower fabric, then over the thread a of the upper fabric, and so on.

The threads e and e do not exist side by side, but are laterally separated by ground warp threads of the respective webs.

Other pile warp threads, for clearness of illustration omitted from the drawings, exist in the fabric, and are similarly isolated, so to speak, and similarly engaged with the weft threads of both fabrics. The pile threads be ing, as .explained,separated from each other, and not meeting, the pile ends or tufts do not, when the fabric is cut, cross or lie against each other.

Inasmuch as the pile warp threads in engaging with a web are not held down beneath a number of its ground weft threads, but pass merely around one of said weft threads, it results that almost the entire substance of the pile warp threads will exist upon the surface of the finished fabrics and but a small portion of it be concealed from view. The fabric so far described is however attended by the incident that after the separation of the fabrics the loops composing the pile ends or tufts of the respective fabrics are liable, under pressure, to be forced bodily backward and through or out of theweb. I therefore provide each of the fabrics with reinforcing or tuft holding weft threads which are so maintained in position upon the rear faces of the respective fabrics as to prevent such movement of said pile ends or tufts.

g g g g &c; are a series of what I term loop or tuft holding weft threads upon the back of the upper web and. preferably corresponding in number and distribution with the ground weft threads of said web. The loop holding weft threads are held by suitable means upon the ground weft threads, and, in such position, they extend transversely across the backs of the tufts or loops of the pile warp surrounding orengaged with said ground weft threads, and firmly retain said loops against displacement. The means to which I prefer to resort to secure said loop holding weft threads in position are supplementary warp threads 71. h, the arrangement and position of which threads are illustrated in Fig. 1, in which a pair of said threads are shown as binding the loop holding weft threads to the ground weft threads by twos, that is to say, said supplementary warp threads pass respectively above the loop holding weft threads and below the ground weft threads, and are crossed after every second loop holding and ground weft thread. Similar loop holding weft threads 15 and supplementary warp threads jj are shown as applied in similar arrangement to the lower fabric or web of Fig. 1.

The members of the respective pairs of ground warp threads and of supplementary warp threads of a web of Fig. 1 do not lie adjacent to each other, but are, laterally considered, interdisposed with reference to each Q other, that is to say,

first, in lateral succession, occurs a supplementary warp, next a ground Warp, next a second supplementary warp,'and next a second ground warp, and so on; the crossing of the pairs of ground warp threads, and the crossing of the pairs of supplementary warp threads, do not coincide, and therefore the two weft threads embraced between two adjacent crossings of the ground warp threads lie one on each side of a crossing of the supplementary warp threads; the whole arrange ment being such that the ground fabric, the supplementary warp and loop holding Weft threads are all very firmly bound together, and tightly retain the tufts of pile warp against displacement.

As will be understood from an examination of the drawings, the longitudinal series of tufts of pile formed in a given web by the successive engagements of a selected pile warp thread with picks of weft thread of said web, are, so to speak, staggered with respect to the next adjacent longitudinal series of tufts on either side, formed by the next laterally adjacent pile warp threads, forthe reason that, in the weaving of the fabrlc, the

successive picks of weft thread with which a selected pile warp thread engages, are intermediate, in the preferred embodiment of my invention, between the picks with which the two pile warp threads next adjacent to the pile warp thread first named, engage. 1

Having thus described my invention, I claim: V

1. The combination to form a pile fabric,

ICU

of ground weft threads, ground warp threads interwoven with said weft threads and crossed at regular intervals, tufts of pile engaged with picks of the ground weft thread, tuft or loop holding weft thread the picks of which are immediately behind the picks of ground weft with which the tufts of pile are engaged,and-

supple-mentary warp threads, independent of the ground warp threads, which bind the picks of tuft holding weft thread to the picks of ground weft thread, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, to form a pile fabric, of ground weft threads, ground Warp threads interwoven with said weft threads and crossing at regular intervals,tufts of pile engaged With picks of the weft thread, tuft or loop holding weft thread the picks of which correspond in number with, and are situated respectively immediately behind, the picks of ground weft thread, and supplementary warp threads, independent of the ground warp threads, which bind the picks of tuft holding weft thread to the picks of ground weft thread, and cross at regular intervals, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, to form a pile fabric, of ground warp and weft threads, series of tufts of pile each held by a single pick of weft, the tufts composing each longitudinal series being held by picks of weft intermediate between the picks which hold the tufts of the two laterally adjacent series, tuft or loop holding Weft threads applied to the rear of the fabric, and supplementary warp threads interwoven with the ground weft and tuft lfioldking weft threads, substantially as set ort 4. The combination to form a pile fabric, of ground warp and weft threads, series of tufts of pile engaged with the ground weft threads, the individual tufts of adjoining longitudinal series not existing side by side but being staggered with respect to each other, tuft holding weft threads applied to the rear of the fabric, and supplementary warp threads interwoven with the ground weft and tuft holding weft threads, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination to form a pile fabric, of ground warp and weft threads, series of tufts of pile engaged with the ground weft threads, the individual tufts of adjoininglongitudinal series being staggered with respect to each other, tuft holding weft threads corresponding in number with the ground weft threads, applied to the rear of the fabric, and supplementary warp threads interwoven with the ground weft and tuft holding weft threads, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination to form a pile fabric, of ground warp and weft threads, the ground warp threads being crossed after every second pick of ground weft, series of tufts of pile each held by a single pick of weft, the tufts composing each longitudinal series being held by picks of weft intermediate between the picks'which hold the tufts of the two laterally adjacent series, tuft holding weft threads applied to the rear of the fabric and corresponding in number with the ground weft threads, and supplementary warp threads passing outside the ground weft threads and outside the tuft holding weft threads, which warp threads are crossed after every second pick of ground weft and tuft holding weft threads,the crossings of the adjoining ground warp and supplementary warp threads occurring between difierent pairs of ground I weft threads, substantially as set forth.

7. lhe combination, to form a pile fabric, of ground warp and weft threads, series of tufts of pile each held by' a single pick of weft, the tufts composing each longitudinal series being held by picks of weft intermediate between the picks which hold the tufts of the two laterally adjacent series, tuft holding weft, threads applied to the rear of the fabric, and

supplementary warp threads interwoven with. the ground weft and tuft holding weft threads, both the ground warp and supplementary warp threads being crossed after every second pick of ground weft, but said respective 6o crossings occurring respectively between different pairs of ground weft picks, and the members of each pair of supplementary warp threads existing one on each side of a ground warp thread, substantially as set forth.

8. A blank adapted to be cut or split to form two pile fabrics, and consisting of two webs each composed of ground warp threads and ground weft threads,pile warp threads common to both webs and engaged with picks of weft thread of both, and tuft or loop holding weft threads bound to the respective fabrics by supplementary warp threads, substantially as set forth.

9. A blank adapted to be cut or split to form two pile fabrics, and consisting of two webs, each composed of ground warp threads and ground weft threads, pile warp threads common to both webs, tuft or loop holding weft threads corresponding in number and distribution with the ground weft threads and applied to the rear faces of the respective fabrics, and supplementary warp threads which bind the tuft holding weft threads to the ground weft threads, substantially as set forth.

. 10. A blank adapted to be cut or splitto form two pile fabrics, and consisting of two webs, each composed of ground warp threads and ground weft threads, pile warp threads passing from one web to the'ot-her and being engaged by single picks of weft in each, each pile warp thread engaging in a given web with picks of weft intermediate between those engaged by the next adjacent pile warp 5 thread,tuft or loop holding weft threads corresponding in number and distribution with the ground weft threads and applied to the rear faces of the respective fabrics, and supplementary warp threads which bind the tuft :00 holding weft threads to the ground weft threads, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have hereunto signed my name this 11th day of December, A. D. 1890.

FRED PEARSON.

In presence of- F. NORMAN DIXON, J. HOWARD MORRIS. 

